In a country that shunned widows, sati was considered the highest expression of wifely devotion to a dead husband (Allen & Dwivedi 1998, Moore 2004). The common deciding factor was often ownership of wealth or property, since all possessions of the widow devolved to the husband's family upon her death. Historically, the practice of sati was to be found among many castes and at every social level, chosen by or for both uneducated and the highest ranking women of the times. However, these numbers are likely to grossly underestimate the real number of satis as in 1823, 575 women performed sati in the state of Bengal alone (Hardgrave 1998). While comprehensive data are lacking across India and through the ages, the British East India Company recorded that the total figure of known occurrences for the period 1813 - 1828 was 8,135 another source gives the number of 7,941 from 1815 - 1828, an average of 618 documented incidents per year. Over the centuries the custom died out in the south only to become prevalent in the north, particularly in the states of Rajasthan and Bengal. The custom began to grow in popularity as evidenced by the number of stones placed to commemorate satis, particularly in southern India and amongst the higher castes of Indian society, despite the fact that the Brahmins originally condemned the practice (Auboyer 2002). Sati as practice is first mentioned in 510 CCE, when a stele commemorating such an incident was erected at Eran, an ancient city in the modern state of Madhya Pradesh. The term sati is derived from the original name of the goddess Sati, also known as Dakshayani, who self-immolated because she was unable to bear her father Daksha's humiliation of her (living) husband Shiva. However other forms of sati exist, including being buried alive with the husband's corpse and drowning. The best known form of sati is when a woman burns to death on her husband's funeral pyre. Sati (also called suttee) is the practice among some Hindu communities by which a recently widowed woman either voluntarily or by use of force or coercion commits suicide as a result of her husband's death. Indeed, the practice is outlawed and illegal in today's India, yet it occurs up to the present day and is still regarded by some Hindus as the ultimate form of womanly devotion and sacrifice. In this age of ascending feminism and focus on equality and human rights, it is difficult to assimilate the Hindu practice of sati, the burning to death of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, into our modern world. Yeah mine are not any less violent than we ever were.Suttee by James Atkinson, 1831, in the India Office Collection of the British Library (c) British Library Board 2009 The one they like is "I win, you lose, now you have a big bruise" As they punch the person up and down the arm. Or "hey did anyone meet my new horse? His name is charlie" As you punch them in the thigh. Knuckle to knuckle with the opponent and 1 suddenly raps the other on teh knuckles and you try to get your hand away in time. I gave my ds a pink belly yesterday ) It was in a demonstration, when he claimed that we were wimps for ever thinking they were bad. At first it doesn't hurt (too much) but quickly the skin becomes sensitive, e slaps really sting, and and the skin turns bright pink. Not too hard, but quickly and repeatedly. Then the victim is immobilized the torturer sitting on the pelvis lifts the victims shirt and begins to slap the skin. It takes two torturers, one sits on top of the prone victims pelvis, the other pulls the victims arms up above his head and then pins them my sitting on them. Known primarily as an "Indian burn" or "Chinese burn" in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, "buffalo skin" in India, "snake bite" or "Indian rub" in Canada, or "Indian rug burn" in the United States (except in some midwest states such as Wisconsin where it is known as a snakebite), "Indian burn" in France, "policeman's glove" or "hundred needles" in Hungary, "barbed wire" in the Netherlands, "needles" in Bulgaria and "Brennessel" ("stinging nettle") in Austria, Switzerland and the southern parts of Germany, "thousand needle stings" in the northern parts of Germany, "thousand needles" in Sweden, "Nettle" in Latvia, Poland and Russia, "French Cuff" in Denmark, "kuuma makkara" (hot sausage) in Finland, "manita de puerco" (split pigs' feet) in Mexico. This is a prank done by grasping the victim's forearm firmly in both hands, and then twisting the hands in opposite directions about the victim's arm, causing the tender skin to stretch, making it red and sore. Other Resources for Learning Challenges.Resources (and Curricula) for Processing Difficulties.Science Courses: Text/Online Support Packages.Apps, Learning Games, and Online Enrichment Activities.Getting Started: Beginning the Home Education Adventure.Stories and Tales From Around the World.
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